The University of Hawaii has initiated the first science operations of Robo-AO-2, a cutting-edge robotic laser adaptive optics system. This significant advancement at the University of Hawaii’s 2.2-meter telescope aims to enhance astronomical observations by correcting distortions produced by Earth’s atmosphere. Under the direction of astronomer Christoph Baranec, this system is set to sharpen images of hundreds of celestial objects each night with minimal human intervention.
Baranec emphasized the importance of this achievement, stating, “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation.” This initiative is part of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA) efforts to innovate technologies that can eventually be integrated into the world’s largest telescopes and space missions.
Upcoming Celestial Events in December
As December unfolds, several astronomical phenomena will captivate stargazers in Hawaii. The highlight is the Geminids meteor shower, peaking on the night of December 13 into the early hours of December 14. Observers can expect to witness up to 120 meteors per hour during this spectacular event. Unlike most meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids are unique in that they come from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon. The meteors will radiate from the constellation Gemini, with optimal viewing conditions after midnight in areas free of light pollution.
In addition to the Geminids, December 21 will mark the winter solstice, the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Following the solstice, the days will gradually lengthen, providing more opportunities for evening stargazing.
Significant Star Families and Planets
During the long December nights, two notable Hawaiian star families will dominate the evening sky: Kalupeakawelo and Makali‘i. Kalupeakawelo, known as the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently visible early in the evening. This star line is part of the four primary navigational star lines of the Polynesian Voyaging Society, highlighted by the Great Square of Pegasus, which represents the kite soaring overhead. According to legend, Kawelo, a chief from Kauai, displayed extraordinary skill in a kite-flying contest that astonished spectators.
Rising higher in the eastern sky is the Makali‘i star cluster, also known as the Pleiades. This group of bright blue stars is culturally significant in Hawaii, signifying the Makahiki season, a time of peace and rest. The appearance of Makali‘i, alongside natural indicators such as the arrival of the kolea birds, heralds a season of abundance.
In addition to these celestial displays, both Saturn and Jupiter will shine prominently in the southern sky throughout December. Saturn’s iconic rings are best observed through a telescope, while Jupiter, being the brighter and closer of the two gas giants, is easily visible to the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars can also spot Jupiter’s four largest moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—which were first documented by Galileo Galilei in 1610.
For early risers, the constellation Ka‘iwikuamo‘o will make its presence known before dawn, rising in the southeast about an hour prior to sunrise. This constellation holds deep cultural significance, serving as a guiding reference for ancient voyagers traveling from the southern islands to Hawaii.
The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii, located at the University of Hawaii at Hilo, continues to play a pivotal role in promoting astronomy and Hawaiian culture, showcasing these interwoven narratives of exploration and discovery.
As December progresses, the combination of advanced technology like Robo-AO-2 and the beauty of the night sky presents a unique opportunity for both seasoned astronomers and casual observers to engage with the wonders of the universe.
