As the holiday season approaches, many individuals may find themselves confused about the various types of holiday cacti. Notably, the plant often known as the Christmas cactus is actually a Thanksgiving cactus. The Thanksgiving cactus, which begins to bloom around Thanksgiving and reaches full bloom by Christmas, is distinct from its Christmas counterpart, which typically flowers later.
To accurately identify these plants, one needs to examine their stem segments, often referred to as “leaves.” The Thanksgiving cactus, classified under the genus Schlumbergera, features serrated edges with sharp points, while the Christmas cactus exhibits rounded leaf segments. Despite their common name, these plants are not part of the same genus as the cacti one typically envisions, such as those from the genus Opuntia.
In addition to holiday cacti, various other seasonal plants hold fascinating histories. For instance, the holiday plant known as the amaryllis belongs to the genus Hippeastrum, which encompasses approximately 80 species. The genus Amaryllis, on the other hand, contains only one species commonly recognized in gardens: the belladonna, also referred to as Naked Ladies, Magic Lily, or Resurrection Lily. Interestingly, similar to the holiday amaryllis, these plants are not classified as true lilies.
One of the most popular holiday plants, the poinsettia (scientifically known as Euphorbia pulcherrima), has a storied past connected to Joel Roberts Poinsett, the first U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in the 1820s. He discovered the plant growing along roadsides in Mexico, took cuttings, and cultivated them in his greenhouse in South Carolina. Today, the poinsettia is associated with the holiday season, representing a multimillion-dollar industry, with over 100 varieties available in various colors.
The poinsettia is not only valued for its beauty but also for its historical significance. In the 14th century, the Aztecs utilized the plant’s sap to treat fevers and employed its bracts to produce dye. Although some may consider the plant toxic due to its irritating sap, research indicates that one would need to consume a substantial amount to experience severe symptoms. Still, caution is advised, especially around pets, as ingestion can lead to vomiting and diarrhea.
While poinsettias can grow up to 10 to 12 feet in height in warm climates, those cultivated indoors typically reach a more manageable height of around 6 feet. The Norfolk Island pine, scientifically known as Araucaria heterophylla, is another notable holiday plant. Native to Norfolk Island, located off the coast of Australia, this tropical evergreen can grow as tall as 200 feet in its natural habitat, although it often remains under 6 feet when grown indoors.
Understanding the distinctions between these popular holiday plants not only enhances seasonal decor but also enriches the appreciation of their historical significance and cultivation. As the festive season unfolds, knowing the unique characteristics of these plants can make for informed choices and lively conversations among gardening enthusiasts.
