NASA has successfully demonstrated a new technology that allows space missions to communicate seamlessly across government and commercial networks. The Polylingual Experimental Terminal (PExT) technology, launched on July 23, 2023, aboard the York Space Systems’ BARD mission, marks a significant advancement in the reliability and efficiency of space communications. This capability could transform how future missions operate, ensuring uninterrupted data transfer critical for navigation, spacecraft health monitoring, and scientific research.
According to Kevin Coggins, deputy associate administrator for NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program, “This mission has reshaped what’s possible for NASA and the U.S. satellite communications industry.” He emphasized the importance of interoperability between government and commercial networks, stating that the success of this demonstration paves the way for expanded capabilities as NASA looks toward missions to the Moon and Mars.
Revolutionizing Space Communications
The PExT technology operates over a broad range of frequencies, facilitating communication for NASA missions and their commercial counterparts. This innovative approach allows missions equipped with wideband terminals to integrate advancements in commercial satellite technology even after launch, enhancing operational flexibility and resilience.
“Today, we take seamless cellphone roaming for granted, but in the early days of mobile phones, our devices only worked on one network,” remarked Greg Heckler, SCaN’s capability development lead at NASA Headquarters. He noted that this technology addresses similar limitations faced by space missions, enabling them to connect to multiple networks.
During its demonstration, the PExT terminal successfully conducted critical operations, including real-time spacecraft tracking and high-rate data delivery, showcasing its ability to support various mission requirements. The tests illustrated the potential for future NASA missions to operate in conjunction with both government and commercial infrastructure, enhancing overall mission success.
Future Prospects and Extended Testing
Due to the success of the initial demonstrations, NASA has extended the PExT technology demonstration for an additional 12 months. Upcoming tests will include new direct-to-Earth communication trials with the Swedish Space Corporation, set to begin in early 2026. This extended period will allow NASA to continue evaluating the capabilities of spaceflight communications through April 2027.
By 2031, NASA plans to procure satellite relay services for science missions in low Earth orbit from one or more U.S. commercial providers. The Polylingual Experimental Terminal demonstration is funded and managed by NASA’s SCaN Program, with contributions from organizations such as the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, which developed the demonstration payload, and commercial partners like SES Space & Defense and Viasat.
This technological advancement not only enhances NASA’s communication infrastructure but also supports the agency’s broader goal of commercializing space operations. As commercial satellite networks evolve, the PExT technology is poised to play a crucial role in the future of space exploration and research.
